學術界中，許多學者的職涯與論文發表數量息息相關。雖然一個人的發表多寡不代表他的聰穎程度或對於學術圈的實際貢獻，然而許多研究單位、公司，甚至是非營利組織單位都使用發表文章多寡來比較候選人的好壞。但是一個研究計畫可能需要耗費相當長的時間，而研究可以長達十幾年。如果不加速研究進度的情況下，我們能如何增加論文發表列表的數量呢？
答案其實蠻簡單的：尋找其他發表的方法。
研究論文不是唯一一種被列為發表刊物的形式，你可以利用以下不同種類的文章來增加你發表數量。以下是各種不同的論文形式的介紹， 列表中提供每種寫作的簡短介紹、內容特色、是否由編輯徵求、作者數量的統計、文獻和字數，同時也準備了幾個範例提供參考。
如果你寫論文的時候，已經決定好要投哪個期刊的話，可以將該期刊最近的發表文章都看過一次來學習寫作風格。 除此之外，把期刊的作者須知(guide for authors)讀過一次來確認編輯的確切要求。
| 文件種類 | 詳細內容 | 範例 |
| Original Research Papers, including Clinical Cases Studies | An article that discusses the details of recent original projects, including their data, results, and findings. This type of work includes references and figures.
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| Brief Reports/ Case Reports | A short manuscript that shares recent, validated findings by focusing on a single, novel concept such as a new approach to therapy or first-time reports of clinical cases. For example, a case report can discuss one to three patients or a single family.
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| Review Articles | A paper that summarizes recently published developments on a topic without adding new data. Typically, the explored studies must be no older than six to twelve months, and the authors use an objective approach to providing new insight on the topic.
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| Systematic Reviews/ Meta-Analyses | As a comprehensive review of a highly relevant topic, this type of manuscript frequently covers the history of the subject and a survey of approaches and strategies. This exhaustive literature review uses explicit methods and analyzes data from other studies. Statistical methods (meta-analysis) may be used to assign varying weights to the studies analyzed. In essence, a systematic review can be a cost-effective way to answer your research question without launching a new investigation.
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| Research Letters to the Editor | Concise presentation of original, validated findings.
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| Letters to the Editor regarding Recently Published Articles | A short, reactionary letter regarding an article recently published by the journal. References are generally used to rebut, clarify or concur with claims presented in the published article, and the authors of the study being challenged can respond to the letter. The commenters sometimes use the letters to suggest other implications of a paper’s findings.
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| Editorials: Opinions and Other Commentaries | Various journals have different types of editorials. Clinical journals may focus on policies, ethical issues, and other current global issues that can affect clinical studies. These articles can also suggest new methods (e.g., new technologies and software) and policies that affect the practical aspects of being a researcher. Since these manuscripts aim to enrich the scientific knowledge by providing insights into matters that can affect the readership community, these articles are often solicited by editors.
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| Perspectives/ Theoretical Papers | Survey articles that assess theories, models, concepts and their controversies from a more subjective approach.
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| Specialized Articles regarding Protocols, Data Sharing and other Methodology-Related Content | Research Elements is the trademarked name for Elsevier’s line of specialized short papers on sharing data, software code, developed materials and methods, and video articles. Other publishers carry similar articles, such as Nature‘s “Protocols.” This type of manuscript is short and usually peer-reviewed; however, some journals such as Protocols have more robust requirements, which are similar to those for full original research articles. The purpose of these documents is to promote the transparency, reproducibility, and collaboration and may or may not have open access.
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| Book Reviews | As the category title suggests, this article type focuses on examining relevant books of interest to the journal’s readership. A manuscript may cover a single book or several based on a theme.
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| Conference Papers/ Conference Proceedings | Although conference papers are based on research, they can focus solely on preliminary findings. Additionally, some fields such as computer science highly value conference paper publications. In addition, many universities and institutions may value journal publications more, but the academic community still finds merit in conference papers. In any case, publishing conference papers with organizations can help generate momentum for you as you continue your research. For example, some publications under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE) allow the conversion of conference papers into more substantial journal paper IEEE is also respected for its published conference proceedings.
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額外閱讀
以下列出幾個網站(與上方列出的不重複)提供其他的學術期刊發表的論文定義與論文範例:
- Elsevier article types
- Elsevier Research Elements Program to promote data sharing
- Other material published in Nature
- Main article types published by Nature
- The New England Journal of Medicine article types
- IEEE Xplore Digital Library, a database of IEEE published conference papers
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